Lizard Camouflage Confuses Males About Gender

Lizard Camouflage Confuses Males About Gender: "

PORTLAND, Oregon — The recent evolution of camouflage among lizards in the powdery dunes of New Mexico’s White Sands National Monument can lead to some misunderstandings when some males choose to make love, not war.

Since the dunes developed a few thousand years ago, a light-colored form of the normally dark-shaded eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulates, has arisen that blends in with the landscape.

The change in hue can produce confusion over sex-recognition signals, Jeanne Robertson of the University of Idaho in Moscow reported June 27 at the Evolution 2010 meeting. At least it did when she and an associate arranged encounters between pale White Sands lizards and their darker cousins from the area surrounding the dunes.

Whenever she and University of Idaho colleague Erica Bree Rosenblum put a pale male lizard and a male from dark soil together, the dark lizard gets ready to fight, positioning himself sideways and showing off his bulk and his blue belly. He does some menacing push-ups and prepares for the head-butting and tail-whipping common in aggressive lizard encounters.

Meanwhile, the pale lizard starts wooing, making rapid shuddering movements and starting little romantic chases. So what might have been a territorial fight becomes “a very confused dark-soil male trying to engage in combat despite being courted,” Robertson said.

The confusion appears to arise from the blue belly splotches that both light and dark forms use as handy clues in social situations, Robertson said. The pale males now sport bigger patches than their darker counterparts, whose more modest blue blotches are more like those of sand dune-living females. Thus male light-colored lizards probably perceive their darker brethren as female — or at least as female enough to court.

This confusion looks as if it develops as an indirect effect of dodging predators through camouflage. That roundabout origin is “the most interesting part,” says evolutionary biologist Liam Revell of the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in Durham, North Carolina.

Aside from causing amusing problems with courtship, there’s a deeper message here, says Jonathan Losos of Harvard University. Sex-identification miscues can make it less likely for members of different populations to mate if they happen to meet. “As a result, adaptation to different environments may have the incidental effect of leading to reproductive isolation, and hence the origin of distinct species,” he says.

Images: 1) Gypsum sand dunes in White Sands National Monument, New Mexico./Erica Bree Rosenblum, Univerity of Idaho. 2) Pale and dark forms of male fence lizards./Erica Bree Rosenbaum, University of Idaho.